Türkiye è stato situato fra le latitudini 36o 00' 00''- 42o
00' 00'' e longitudini 26o 00' 00'' - 45o 00 ' 00'' nel continente
di
Eurasia. Ha un grande appearance tipico della penisola ed è stato circondato da tre
masse importanti dell' acqua: Mar Nero dalla parte settentrionale, dal mare aegean dalla
parte occidentale e dal Mediterraneo orientale dalla parte del sud. Oltre che questi, il
mare di Marmara ha formato una zona di transizione fra Mar Nero ed il mare aegean con il
bosphorus ed i dardanelles. Anche se ha una riga del puntello da 8334 chilometri, la
piattaforma continentale è molto lunga e la profondità raggiunge raramente 1500 tester
in soltanto acque internazionali ed in modo da i mari esibiscono pricipalmente il
carattere neritic.
In Türkiye, come altri paesi mediterranei, un clima mediterraneo tipico prevale e la
precipitazione massima si presenta fra November-March.
I primi tentativi su planktological ricerca in Türkiye sono stati tenuti dopo 1935 all'
università İstanbul con i supporti scientifici di alcuni scienziati immigrati da Europa
durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Durante i seguenti anni, Ankara e le università di
Ege hanno aderito a a questo gruppo con i loro reparti di biologia. Molti degli studi sul
planktology marino sono stati realizzati università da Ege e da İstanbul. Allo stesso
tempo, le acque interne pricipalmente stavano studiande dagli scienziati da Ege e dalle
università de Ankara. Oltre che i reparti di biologia, l' università İstanbul, la
facoltà di scienza, l' istituto di ricerca di idrobiologia e l' università di Ege,
facoltà di scienza, repartobiologico di Oceanograpy sono stati organizzati durante i
seguenti anni. Purtroppo, queste organizzazioni erano di breve durata.
Il fitoplancton ricerca ha luogo ora nei relativi anni dell'adolescenza in Türkiye. Il
più probabilmente la prima carta sul fitoplancton marino era comparso in un giornale
turco dell' idrobiologia ' sulle maree rosse in 1955. L' autore dell' articolo era Wilhelm
Nümann un il biologo tedesco. Nessun riferimento successivo compare in stampa fino al
1960 in cui vediamo ancora ' le maree rosse nel titolo d'una carta. Questa volta gli
autori erano scienziati turchi Altan Acara ed U. Nalbantoğlu. Tuttavia, anche se questi
articoli dei due premier avevano ricapitolato uno dell' evento più importante che si
interessa della successione del fitoplancton in mare aegean, erano generali ed i generi ed
i nomi responsabili di specie non sono stati accennati. Dal 1967 una serie di
pubblicazioni sul fitoplancton e sul protozooplankton è stata in stampa per il mare
aegean, Mediterraneo, il mare di Marmara e Mar Nero dai gruppi di ricerca differenti.
RIFERIMENTI REGIONALI (contenere soltanto i mari turchi, tranne la tesi non pubblicata del Ph. e di M.Sc. D., rapporti di progetto delle aziende pubbliche e speciali).
NÜMANN, W. (1955): İzmir Körfezinde
'balık kırılması' hadisesi, Hidrobiyoloji Mec., 3A, 2, 90-93.
ACARA, A., NALBANTOĞLU, U. (1960): Preliminary report on the red-tide outbreak in
the Gulf of Izmir, Rapp. P. -v. Reun. Commn. int. Explor. Scient. Mer. Mèdit., 15, 3,
33-38.
ERGEN, Z. (1967): The main planktonic organisms found in the bay of Izmir, E.Ü.
Fen Fak. İlmi Rap. Ser., 47, 1-27.
GELDİAY, R., ERGEN, Z. (1968): Athecate marine dinoflagellates living in our
region, Balık ve Balıkçılık, 6, 16, 1-7.
ÜNSAL, İ. (1970): İskenderun Körfezinden bir kaç diatome türü, Hidrobiyoloji
Yay., Seri B, 6, 3-4.
GÖKALP, N. (1972): A study of plankton conditions of Edremit, Bodrum and
İskenderun Gulfs, İ. Ü. Fen Fak. Hidrobioloji Ens. Yay., 3, 1-71.
ÖBER, A. (1972): The investigation of Genus Ceratium regarding qualitative
and quantitative analyses in Izmir Bay, E.Ü. Fen Fak. İlmi Rap. Ser., 129, 1-121.
GELDİAY, R., UYSAL, H. (1978): A report on the primary productivity in
the bay of Izmir. E.U.F.F. Journal, Ser. B, 1(2): 1-24.
KORAY, T., GÖKPINAR, S. (1983): The qualitative and quantitative features of the
Genus Ceratium Schrank found in Izmir. (in turkish). E.U.F.F. Journal, Ser. B,
Suppl., 201-219.
GÖKPINAR, S., KORAY, T. (1983): Observations on Rhizosolenia(Ehrenberg)
Brightwell species living in Izmir Bay. (in turkish). E.U.F.F. Journal, Ser. B, Suppl.,
201-219.
KORAY, T. ÖZEL, I. (1983): Species of the Sub-Order Tintinnoinea in Izmir
Bay. (in turkish). E.U.F.F. Journal, Ser. B, Suppl. 220-244.
KORAY, T., ÖZEL, I. (1983): Species of the Sub-order Tintinnoinea in Izmir
Bay and their salinity and temperature dependent distribution. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer.
Medit., 28(9):123-124.
BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., KORAY, T. (1984): The causes and consequences of oxygen
utilization caused by extremely high biological activity in Izmir Bay. V. Turk-Alman Cevre
Muh. Sempozyumu, Izmir, 11-16 Haziran 1984, Bildiriler, E13-E15.
KORAY, T. (1984): The occurrence of red-tides and causative organisms in Izmir Bay.
E.U.F.F. Journal, Ser. B, 1(6):75-83.
KOCATAŞ, A., ERGEN, Z., MATER, S., ÖZEL, İ., KATAĞAN, T., KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK,
B., (1984): Les effets de le pollution sur les ecosystemes benthiques et pelagiques
dans le Golfe d'Izmir. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer. Medit., 689-698.
KOCATAŞ, A., ERGEN, E., KATAĞAN, T., KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., MATER, S., ÖZEL,
İ., UÇAL, O., ÖNEN, M. (1986): Etude comparative particularities physico-chimiques
et biologiques dans deux baies, Pollue et non-pollue du Golfe d'Izmir. Rapp. Comm. int.
Mer. Medit., 30, 2.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B. (1986): Linear approximations on determinations of
physico-chemical conditions negatively affecting the community structure of planktonic
organisms by cause of pollution in Izmir Bay. Cevre '86 Sempozyumu, İzmir, 2-5 Haziran
1986, Bildiriler, 1-10.
BENLİ, H. A. (1987): Investigation of plankton distribution in the
southern Black Sea and its effects on particle flux. Mitt. Geol.-Palaont. Inst. Univ. of
Hamburg, 62:77-88.
KORAY, T. (1987): Comparison of diversity indices for determination of variations
in phytoplankton communities. (in turkish). Doga, TU Muh. ve Cev. D., 11(2):242-253.
KORAY, T. (1987): One-celled microplankton species in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea): A
species list and a comparison with the records of adjacent regions. Doga, TU J. Biol.,
11(3):130-146.
KORAY, T. (1987): The importance of diversity indices in terms of phytoplankton
community changes depending on pollution. (in turkish). VIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi,
Izmir, 3-5 Eylul 1986, Bildiriler, Cilt 2, 520-527.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B. (1987): The relations between planktonic species
diversity and physico-chemical parameters in a polluted area (Izmir inner bay). (in
turkish). Cevre '87 Sempozyumu, Izmir, 26-28 Ekim 1987, Bildiriler, 1-10.
KOCATAŞ, A., ERGEN, Z., MATER, S., ÖZEL, İ., KATAĞAN, T., KORAY, T., ÖNEN, M.,
KAYA, M. (1987): Marine Fauna. In: Biological diversity in Turkey, Onder Matbaasi,
Ankara, Turkey, 141-161.
KORAY, T. (1988): A multiple regression model to determine abundance of diatoms in
a polluted area (Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 31, 2.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B. (1988): Toxic dinoflagellate blooms in the harbour
region of İzmir Bay (Aegean Sea). Rev. Int. Oceanogr. M‚d., 141-142:25-43.
KİDEYS, A.E., GÜCÜ, A.C., BİNGEL, F., ÜNSAL, M. (1988): Annual variations in
the phytoplankton populations of the northern cilician basin, Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit.,
31,2.
KORAY, T. (1988): Symbiotic associations in microplankton of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)
and their pollution dependent distributions. (in turkish). Doga, TU Biyol., 12(1):46-52.
KORAY, T. (1988): A Catastrophy: Red-tide. (in turkish). Bilim ve Teknik, 21(253):
9-14.
UYSAL, Z., ÜNSAL, M., BİNGEL, F. (1988): Fate and distribution of phytoplankton
in the sea of Marmara, Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 31, 2, 221.
KIDEYŞ, A.E., ÜNSAL, M., BİNGEL, F. (1989): Seasonal changes in net
phytoplankton of Erdemli, north-eastern Mediterranean. Doğa Tr. J. Botany, 13(1): 45-54.
TUNCER, S., FEVZİOĞLU, A. M. (1989): Distribution of phytoplankton
population of the Eastern Black Sea. Sec. Int. Coll. Med. Coast and Env. Protection.
73-74.
KORAY, T. (1990): The effects of the pollution on the planktonic community. Dokuz
Eylul Universitesi, Deniz Bilimleri ve Teknolojisi Enstitusu, "Izmir Korfezinin Dunu,
Bugunu, Yarini Sempozyumu", 22-23 Kasım 1990, Izmir.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., GÖKPINAR, Ş. (1990): Factors controlling secondary
productivity (level 1 and 2) of polluted temperate coastal waters (Izmir Bay, Aegean Sea):
a multivariate model. Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit., 32, 1, 129.
KORAY, T. (1990): Planktonik protista associated with "color-tides" in
Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit.,32, 1, 212.
KORAY, T. (1990): Factors effecting diatom abundance in a polluted area (Izmir Bay,
Aegean Sea): A multiple regression model. International Journal of Thalassographica,
Suppl. 1, 27-32.
KARAÇAM, H., DÜZGÜNEŞ, E. (1990): Trabzon sahil şeridi fitoplanktonu
üzerine bir araştırma. İ.Ü. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 4(1):95-102.
TUNÇER, S., FEYZİOĞLU, M. (1990): Investigation of plankton
populations in the harbours of Trabzon and Şana. (in turkish). X. Ulusal Biyoloji
Kongresi 18-20 Temmuz 1990, Erzurum. 1-9.
KORAY, T. (1992): Noxious blooms in the Bay of Izmir, Aegean Sea, UNESCO, IOC
Newsletter on Toxic Algae and Algal Blooms, Suppl. to ims Newsletter, No.63, 2, 1-2.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., BENLİ, H. A., GÖKPINAR, Ş. (1992): Phytoplankton
blooming and zooplankton swarms in eutrophied zones of Aegean Sea (Izmir Bay). Rapp. Comm.
int. Mer Medit., 33, 257a.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B. (1992): Temperature, light and nutrient based model on
spring primary production for heavily eutrophied subtropical coastal waters (Izmir Bay,
Aegean Sea). Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Medit.,33, 257b.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., PARLAK, H., GÖKPINAR, Ş. (1992): Unicellular
organisms effecting sea water quality in the bay of Izmir: red-tides and other bloomings.
(in turkish). Doga Dergisi. 16: 135-157.
KORAY, T. (1992):The toxic red-tides events in Izmir Bay and their importance in
term of the public health. (in turkish). Cevre Bull. 3: 13-15.
KOCATAŞ, A., KORAY, T., KAYA, M., KARA, Ö. F. (1992): Review of the Fishery
Resources and Their Environment in the Sea of Marmara. FAO Reviews, Italy.
BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., KORAY, T., PARLAK, H.(1994): The primary productivity of Izmir
Bay in the red-tide season. (in turkish). E. U. Fen Fak. Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1,
1161-1167.
PARLAK, H., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., KORAY, T.(1994): Plankton blooms occurred in Izmir
Bay and their relations with the concentrations of Cu, Fe and Zn in sea water. (in
turkish). E. U. Fen Fak. Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1, 197-206.
KORAY, T. (1994): The nuisance bloom algae in aquatic ecosystems and monitoring
strategies. (in turkish). E. U. Fen Fak. Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1, 329-242.
KORAY, T., BENLİ, H. A., SEVER, T. M. (1994): A study on the
phytoplankton and protozooplankton species composition of the bay of Gökova (Aegean Sea).
(in turkish). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 42-43-44(11): 9-16.
KORAY, T., KESİCİ, U. Y. (1994): Phytoplankton and protozooplankton
species composition of the bay of Bodrum (Aegean Sea). (in turkish).E. U. Fen Fak.
Dergisi, Seri B, Ek 16/1, 971-980.
FEVZİOĞLU, A. M., TUNCER, S. (1994): Seasonal changes at the net
phytoplankton living Trabzon coast of the eastern Black Sea. (in turkish). Tr. J. of
Biol., 18:161-171.
YILMAZ, A., EDİGER, D., BAŞTÜRK, O, TUĞRUL, S. (1994): Phytoplankton
fluorescence and deep chlorophyll maxima in the northeastern Mediterranean. Ocea. Acta,
17(1):69-77.
KORAY, T.(1995): Phytoplankton species succession, diversity and nutrients in
neritic waters of the Aegean Sea (Bay of Izmir). Tr. J. of Botany. 19:531-544.
UYSAL, Z., SUR, H. İ. (1995): Net plankton discriminating patches along
the southern Black Sea coast in Winter 1990. Oceanologica Acta, 18, 6 639-647.
SOROKIN, Y. U., TARKAN, A. N., ÖZTÜRK, B., ALBAY, M. (1995): Primary
production, bacterioplankton and planktonic protozoa in the Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal
of Marine Sciences, 1(1): 37-56.
BÜYÜKIŞIK, B. (1995): Growth kinetics and limiting factors on Thalassiosira
gravida Cleve (Bacillariophyceae) in the bay of Izmir (Aegean Sea). Su
Ürünleri Dergisi 12(1-2): 53-60.
FEVZİOĞLU, M., DÜZGÜNEŞ, E. (1996): Seasonal dynamics of Ceratium
(Dinophyceae) species in eastern Black Sea. XIII. Ulusal Biyoloji Kongresi
Tebliğleri. 416-424.
KORAY, T., BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., PARLAK, H., GÖKPINAR,Ş. (1996): Eutrophication
processes and algal blooms (red-tides) in Izmir Bay. UNEP. MAP Technical Reports Series
No. 104. 1-26.
OĞUZ, T., DUCKLOW, H., MALONETTE-RIZZOLI, P., TUĞRUL, S., NEZLİN, N. P.,
ÜNLÜATA, Ü. (1996): Simulation of annual plankton productivity cycle in the
Black Sea by a one dimensional physical biological model. J. Geophy. Res., 101(C7):
16585-16599.
UYSAL, Z., ÜNSAL, M. (1996): Spatial distribution of net diatoms along adjacent
water masses of different origin. Tr. J. of Botany, 20:519-525.
BİZSEL, N., ÖZTÜRK, M., METİN, G. (1997): The role of iron on the
phytoplankton growth in heavily polluted Izmir Bay. in: The Proceedings of Fourth
International Conference on Water Pollution (Eds.: R. RAJAR, C. A. BREBBİA). 659-669.
KORAY, T., KOCATAŞ, A. (1997): The determination of the polluted zones with
multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis through using of the planktonic species
abundances. (in turkish). Türkiye Kıyıları 97, I. Ulusal Konferansı, 24-27 Haziran
1997, Ankara. Bildiriler Kitabı, 475-484.
ÖLÇÜM, R., GÖKPINAR, Ş. (1997): Local and seasonal variations of
cell volumes of some diatom species in the bay of Izmir. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 14(1-2):
37-46
BÜYÜKIŞIK, B., GÖKPINAR, Ş., PARLAK, H.(1997): Ecological modelling of
Izmir Bay. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 14(1-2): 71-91
FEVZİOĞLU, M., BORAN, M. (1997): A study on Pyramimonas orientalis
(Butcher, 1959) (Chlorophyta: Chlorodendrales) bloom at vicinity of Çamburnu. (in
turkish). Tr. J. of Biology, 21:49-54.
SİVRİ, N., FEVZİOĞLU, M., ERUZ, C. (1998): Seasonal and relationship
between suspended matter and chlorophyll-a around discharge area of Solakli River,
South-Eastern Black Sea. in: The Proceedings of the First International Symposium
on Fisheries and Ecology. 549-553.
UYSAL, Z., KIDEYŞ, A. E., SENICHKINA, L., GEORGIEVA, L., ALTUKHOV, D., KUZMENKO,
L., MANJOS, L., MUTLU, E., EKER, E. (1998): Phytoplankton patches formed along
the southern Black Sea coast in spring and summer 1996. L. I. IVANOV and T. OGUZ (eds.),
Ecosystem Modelling as a Management Tool for the Black Sea. Vol. 1:151-162. Kluver
Academic Publishers. Printed in Netherlands.
YILDIRIM, İ., GÖKPINAR, Ş. (1998): Diatom analysis used for events of
death in drowning. (in Turkish). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 15(3-4):339-342.
ALPASLAN, M., KORAY, T., ÇOLAK, F. (1999): Physico-chemical
conditions and phytoplankton succession in the Çardak lagoon (The Dardanelles, Sea of
Marmara). (in Turkish). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 16(1-2):75-83.
TÜRKOĞLU, M. (1999): Some fluctations in phytoplankton community
structures of the Black Sea. Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 16(1-2):201-217.
METIN, G., CIRIK, S. (1999): Quantitative changes in phytoplankton
of Izmir Bay. (in Turkish). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 16(3-4):363-374.
KORAY, T., GOKPINAR, S., YURGA, L.
(1999): The effects of the pollution on the distribution of microplankton in the bay of
Izmir (Aegean Sea). (in Turkish). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 16(3-4):421-431.
EKER, E., GEORGIEVA, L., SENICHKINA, L., KIDEYS, A. E. (1999):
Phytoplankton distribution in the western and eastern Black Sea in spring and autumn 1995.
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 56 Supplement: 15-22.
TURKOGLU, M., KORAY, T. (2000): Ecological and geographical
distributions of the planktonic protista in the southern parts of the Black Sea (neritic
waters of Sinop peninsula, Türkiye). Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 17(1-2):161-178.
POLAT, S., SARIHAN, E., KORAY, T. (2000): Seasonal changes in the
phytoplankton of the northeastern Mediterranean (Bay of İskenderun). Turk J. Bot.,
24(1):1-12.
EKER, E., KIDEYŞ, A. E. (2000): Weekly variations in phytoplankton
structure of a harbour in Mersin Bay (northeastern Mediterranean). Turk J. Bot.,
24(1):13-24.
BALKIS, N. (2000): Five dinoflagellate species new to Turkish seas.
Oebalia 26, 97-108.
SAYDAM, A. C., SENYUVA, H. Z., POLAT, I. (2000): The relationship between
algal bloomings and Sahara dust. (in Turkish). 1. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı,
Bildiriler ve Poster Özetleri, Z. UYSAL. ve I. SALIHOGLU (eds.), 21-25.
POLAT-BEKEN, S. C., OKUŞ, E., ALTIOK, H., YUKSEK, A., KIRATLI, N.
(2000): Investigation of Marmara Sea Black Sea Interaction with time-series data
(1997-1998). (in Turkish). 1. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, Bildiriler ve Poster
Özetleri, Z. UYSAL. ve I. SALIHOGLU (eds.), 42-46.
UYSAL, Z. (2000): Chroococcoid cyanobacteria Synechococcus spp. in the
Black Sea: pigments, size, distribution, growth and diurnal variability. (in Turkish). 1.
Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, Bildiriler ve Poster Özetleri, Z. UYSAL. ve I.
SALIHOGLU (eds.), 80-85.
YILMAZ, A., YAYLA, M. K., COBAN-YILDIZ, Y. (2000): Planktonic primary
productivity in Black Sea: light adaptation and growth mechanisms in the production. (in
Turkish). 1. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, Bildiriler ve Poster Özetleri, Z. UYSAL.
ve I. SALIHOGLU (eds.), 115-120.
FEYZIOGLU, M. A., BORAN, M., SIVRI, N. (2000): The effects of
environmental factors on the winter bloom of Scripsiella trochoidea (Dinophyceae)
in the bay of Surmene. (in Turkish). 1. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, Bildiriler ve
Poster Özetleri, Z. UYSAL. ve I. SALIHOGLU (eds.), 121-125.
EKER, E., GEORGIEVA, L., SENICHKINA, L., KIDEYS, A. E. (2000): Micro- and
nano-phytoplankton distribution in the western and eastern Black Sea in spring and autumn
1995. (in Turkish). 1. Ulusal Deniz Bilimleri Konferansı, Bildiriler ve Poster Özetleri,
Z. UYSAL. ve I. SALIHOGLU (eds.), 132-137.
CIHANGIR, B., ONEN, M., KOCATAS, A., ERGEN, Z., MATER,
S., KORAY, T., KATAGAN, T., OZEL, I., DEMIRKURT, E., TIRASIN, E. M., UNLUOGLU, A., CINAR,
M. E., COLAK, F., COKER, T., OZTURK, B., DOGAN, A. (2001): Some biological
properties of Izmir Bay. Workshop on the role of the physical, chemical and biological
processes im marine ecosystems, ECOSYSTEM '99, Piri Reis Science Series, No.2, O. USLU, M.
OZERLER and E. SAYIN (eds), 19-48.